Improper voltage is the one of the greatest causes of failed compressors in three-phase units. We are allowed a 10% deviation over or under the unit nameplate-rated voltage. Most technicians know to ...

The primary purpose of a voltage reference (V REF) is to establish system accuracy. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC), for example, uses a reference voltage to set its full-scale input level. The ...

Welcome to the first in a series of articles focusing on electrical calculation basics. This month, we'll discuss the most fundamental of calculations — those for current (I) and kilowatts (kW). We'll ...

Elsco Transformers reports that choosing the right transformer size involves calculating kVA based on voltage and current for ...

Voltage Drop – Calculate the maximum circuit distance and minimum conductor size for your required voltage drop Conductor Ampacity – Calculate conductor ampacities for different temperature ratings ...

The analysis of magnitudes and durations of touch voltages in cable installations can provide electrical professionals with a better understanding of the requirements of Art. 250 of the NEC regarding ...

Capacitive charge-pump circuits are used in many applications. And though these circuits appear deceptively simple, engineers working on them need a thorough understanding of how they function. By ...

Your new project requires a 14 inch trace to carry 100 mA. You can allow no more than 20 mV of drop in the wire. Will an 8 mil trace be wide enough? Your PCB copper plane uses 1 oz copper and is at ...