The modern idea of a species as a whole system is characterized by particular relations between members of the species. Thus the reactions of individual members of a population to external forces are ...
In ecology, competition is defined as a type of negative interaction that occurs when resources are in short supply. Intraspecific competition occurs when individuals of the same species compete for ...
A growing number of studies have manipulated intraspecific plant diversity and found dramatic changes in the densities of associated insect herbivores and their predators. While these studies have ...
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