HCN channels are gated by hyperpolarization and cyclic nucleotides. As changes in membrane potential activate them, HCN channels must have a voltage sensor. In other voltage-activated channels, the ...

(A) shows the conventional topology of a voltage-gated potassium channel subunit with six transmembrane domains (S1–S6). Charge carrying residues are indicated on the S4 (red) segment. (B) shows the ...

One of the biggest mysteries in molecular biology is exactly how ion channels – tiny protein pores through which molecules such as calcium and potassium flow in and out of cells – operate. Such ...