1. In ecological webs, net indirect interactions between species are composed of interactions that vary in sign and magnitude. Most studies have focused on negative component interactions (e.g.

Interspecific interactions can vary within and among populations and geographic locations, and this variation can influence the nature of the interaction (e.g. mutualistic vs. antagonistic) and its ...

For half a century, scientists who have developed models of how ecological communities function have arrived at an unsettling conclusion. Their models' predictions--seen as classic tenets of community ...

Mutualism describes a relationship that benefits both parties – the win-win of our world. A new study reports on a mutualism that goes from ants to trees to elephants to lions and zebras. It serves as ...

Mutualistic interactions are mutually beneficial species interactions. Plant-pollinator mutualisms are particularly important, and involve nearly 170,000 plant and 200,000 animal species. Aa Aa Aa ...

Pointed antlers bob up and down as the beautiful creature cuts blades of grass to eat, the quick flash of white from his tail the only visible sign that he’s there. When he’s full, the organism ...

Reakirt's blue butterflies were moving among the flower heads of white clover in my lawn. I presumed that they were nectaring, but I watched closely and discovered that they were ovipositing. They ...

1. The Study of Mutualism / Judith L. Bronstein -- 2. The Special Case of Symbioses: Mutualisms with Persistent Contact / Angela E Douglas -- 3. Evolutionary Origins and Diversification of Mutualism / ...

New research sheds light on how interspecies interactions arise, evolve and are maintained. The results provide a new window to understand the key roles of these interactions in industrial ...

Arisaema plants are known to terminally trap their pollinators after pollination. However, in one species, a fungus gnat can not only sometimes escape from the trap, but also lays its eggs into the ...

Biologists have challenged old notions that communities with mutualistic interactions -- where the presence of one species benefits another -- are unstable. Their model, instead, shows that such ...