Material reliability is critical in the oil and gas industry. Infrastructure ranging from pipelines to pressure vessels operates under extreme conditions where even a minor failure can lead to ...

Nonthermal and thermal plasmas are used in the industrial, engineering, medical, and research industries. Plasma composition is an important parameter in any plasma process. Using optical emission ...

“Plasma” refers to a gas with a significant proportion of ionized molecules, which produce various excited ions, atoms, and molecules. Electrons liberated from ions and atoms are highly energetic and ...

Spectroscopic tools like XRF, OES, and LIBS make material verification faster, smarter, and more reliable, proving essential for preventing alloy failures in oil and gas infrastructure. Material ...