Every material undergoes physical and chemical changes when subjected to the extremes of heat, pressure, and other factors. This article will discuss what happens to the mechanical properties of ...

Editor's note: The following is one of a series of columns from the Butte Citizens for Preservation and Revitalization. While molten rock was solidifying to become the Butte granite 78 million years ...

If you enjoyed this article, I’d like to ask for your support. Scientific American has served as an advocate for science and industry for 180 years, and right now may be the most critical moment in ...