Recent advances in the study of automorphism groups within graph theory have yielded significant theoretical and applied insights. At its core, the interplay between the algebraic structure of groups ...

Graph distinguishing numbers constitute a vital parameter in understanding the symmetry properties of graphs. Fundamentally, the distinguishing number of a graph is the minimal number of labels ...

If someone asks you to determine whether two objects are the same, it might seem like a trivial request. In most everyday cases, a quick glance is enough for you to render an accurate judgment. But in ...